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Friday, February 26, 2010

NASA Announces 2010 Carl Sagan Fellows

MEDIA RELATIONS OFFICE
JET PROPULSION LABORATORY
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
PASADENA, CALIF. 91109 TELEPHONE 818-354-5011
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov

Elena Mejia 818-393-5467/Whitney Clavin 818-354-4673
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
elena.mejia@jpl.nasa.gov/whitney.clavin@jpl.nasa.gov

J.D. Harrington 202-358-5241
NASA Headquarters, Washington
j.d.harrington@nasa.gov

News release: 2010-066 Feb. 26, 2010

NASA Announces 2010 Carl Sagan Fellows

The full version of this story with accompanying images is at:
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.cfm?release=2010-066&cid=release_2010-066

PASADENA, Calif. -- NASA has selected seven scientists as recipients of Carl Sagan Postdoctoral
Fellowships in exoplanet exploration for 2010. The Sagan Fellowships support outstanding recent
postdoctoral scientists in conducting independent research broadly related to the science goals of
NASA's Exoplanet Exploration Program. That program's primary goal is to discover and characterize
planetary systems and Earth-like planets around other stars.

"The Sagan Fellowship identifies and supports the most promising young scholars who are passionate
about the scientific search for and study of planets beyond our solar system," said Charles Beichman,
executive director of the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute at the California Institute of Technology
in Pasadena. "These young scientists combine interest in the fields of astronomy, astrobiology or
geophysics with expertise in theory, observation, or state-of-the-art instrumentation. They are
following a trail blazed by Carl Sagan -- after whom the fellowship program is named -- that may one
day lead to the discovery of life on worlds other than Earth."

The program, created in 2008, awards selected postdoctoral scientists with stipends of approximately
$62,500 for up to three years, plus an annual research budget of $16,000. Topics range from
techniques for detecting the glow of a dim planet in the blinding glare of its host star, to searching for
the crucial ingredients of life in other planetary systems.

In addition to the Sagan Fellowships, NASA has two other astrophysics theme-based fellowship
programs: the Einstein Fellowship Program, which supports research into the physics of the cosmos;
and the Hubble Fellowship Program, which supports research into cosmic origins.

The 2010 Sagan Fellows are:

--Diana Valencia, who will work at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, to study
the internal structure, composition and physical evolution of super-Earths.

--Emily Rauscher, who will work at the University of Arizona, Tucson, to investigate the atmospheric
conditions necessary to achieve large-scale variability in hot Jupiters. A hot Jupiter is a planet roughly
the size of Jupiter that orbits very close to its parent star.

--Lucas Cieza, who will work at the Institute for Astronomy at the University of Hawaii, Honolulu, to
study the disks of gas and dust around young stars where there is evidence of planets being formed.

--Ivan Ramirez, who will work at the Carnegie Observatories, Pasadena, Calif., to develop new
methods for finding planets based on chemical analyses of their stars.

--Jacob Bean, who will work at Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., to carry out a sensitive search
for planets around the smallest stars by carefully measuring the stellar wobble produced by the planet.

--Laurent Pueyo, who will work at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., to use adaptive optics
observations to directly image planets around other stars.

--Aaron Boley, who will attend the University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla., to study the formation of
gas giant planets, particularly the formation and heating of large solids in the initial stages of planet-
building.

A full description of the 2010 fellows and their projects, and other information about these programs
is available at:

http://nexsci.caltech.edu/sagan/2010postdocRecipients.shtml .

More information about NASA's Astrophysics Division is at:

http://nasascience.nasa.gov/astrophysics .

The Sagan Fellowship Program is administered by the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute as part of
NASA's Exoplanet Exploration Program at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. The
California Institute of Technology manages JPL for NASA.

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Thursday, February 25, 2010

Climate Day and Web Site for Teachers and Kids

Climate Day and Web Site for Teachers and Kids

This is a feature from the NASA/JPL Education Office.

02.25.10 -- JPL is co-sponsoring Climate Day 2010, a two-day event that will feature lectures and
demonstrations by scientists, a Climate Jeopardy competition, career information and teacher resources.
The event will be held from 9 a.m to 3 p.m. on Friday, March 26 (for students and educators, grades 6 - 12) and
Saturday, March 27 (for the general public) at the Pasadena Convention Center. Pre-registration is required to
attend on Friday.

More details about Climate Day and an online pre-registration form can be found at http://climate.nasa.gov/ClimateDay/ .

NASA also recently unveiled Climate Kids, a Web site that targets students in grades 4 - 6. The site answers the "Big Questions"
about global climate change using simple illustrations, humor, interactivity, and age-appropriate language. A collection of Earth-science-related
games offers such experiences as "Wild Weather Adventure" and "Missions to Planet Earth." A Green Careers section profiles real
people doing jobs that help slow climate change.

Visit Climate Kids at http://climate.nasa.gov/kids .


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NASA Ground-Breaking Unearths New Generation of Deep Space Network Antennas

MEDIA RELATIONS OFFICE
JET PROPULSION LABORATORY
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
PASADENA, CALIFORNIA 91109. TELEPHONE 818-354-5011
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov

Jia-Rui C. Cook 818-354-0850
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
jia-rui.c.cook@jpl.nasa.gov

Katherine Trinidad 202-358-1100
Headquarters, Washington
katherine.trinidad@nasa.gov

NEWS RELEASE: 2010-065 February 25, 2010

NASA GROUND-BREAKING UNEARTHS NEW GENERATION OF DEEP SPACE
NETWORK ANTENNAS

The full version of this story with accompanying images is at:
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.cfm?release=2010-065&cid=release_2010-065

PASADENA, Calif. -- NASA officials broke ground near Canberra, Australia on Wednesday,
Feb. 24, beginning a new antenna-building campaign to improve Deep Space Network
communications.

Following the recommendations of an independent study, NASA embarked on an ambitious
project to replace its aging fleet of 70-meter-wide (230-foot-wide) dishes with a new generation
of 34-meter (112-foot) antennas by 2025.

The three 70-meter antennas, located at the NASA Deep Space Network complexes at
Goldstone, Calif., Madrid, Spain, and Canberra, are more than 40 years old and show wear and
tear from constant use.

The new antennas, known as "beam wave guide" antennas, can be used more flexibly, allowing
the network to operate on several different frequency bands within the same antenna. Their
electronic equipment is more accessible, making maintenance easier and less costly. The new
antennas also can receive higher-frequency, wider-bandwidth signals known as the "Ka band."
This band, required for new NASA missions approved after 2009, allows the newer antennas to
carry more data than the older ones.

In the first phase of the project near Canberra, NASA expects to complete the building of up to
three 34-meter antennas by 2018. The decision to begin construction came on the 50th
anniversary of U.S. and Australian cooperation in space tracking operations.

"There is no better way to celebrate our 50 years of collaboration and partnership in exploring the
heavens with the government of Australia than our renewed commitment and investment in new
capabilities required for the next five decades," said Badri Younes, deputy associate
administrator for Space Communications and Navigation at NASA Headquarters in Washington.


Space Communications and Navigation is responsible for managing all NASA space
communications and navigation resources and their operations. NASA's Jet Propulsion
Laboratory manages the agency's Deep Space Network, an important component of the agency's
space communications resources.

NASA's goal is to integrate all NASA communications resources into a unified, far more capable
network. Australia's Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization manages
the communication complex near Canberra for NASA.

The California Institute of Technology in Pasadena manages JPL for NASA.

More information about the Deep Space Network is online at: http://deepspace.jpl.nasa.gov. More
information about NASA's Space Communication and Navigation Program is at:
https://www.spacecomm.nasa.gov/spacecomm/.


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Tuesday, February 23, 2010

Cassini Finds Plethora of Plumes, Hotspots at Enceladus

MEDIA RELATIONS OFFICE
JET PROPULSION LABORATORY
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
PASADENA, CALIF. 91109 TELEPHONE 818-354-5011
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov

Jia-Rui C. Cook 818-354-0850
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
jia-rui.c.cook@jpl.nasa.gov

Image advisory: 2010-061 February 23, 2010

Cassini Finds Plethora of Plumes, Hotspots at Enceladus

The full version of this story with accompanying images is at:
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.cfm?release=2010-061&cid=release_2010-061

Newly released images from last November's swoop over Saturn's icy moon Enceladus
by NASA's Cassini spacecraft reveal a forest of new jets spraying from prominent
fractures crossing the south polar region and yield the most detailed temperature map to
date of one fracture.

The new images from the imaging science subsystem and the composite infrared
spectrometer teams also include the best 3-D image ever obtained of a "tiger stripe," a
fissure that sprays icy particles, water vapor and organic compounds. There are also views
of regions not well-mapped previously on Enceladus, including a southern area with
crudely circular tectonic patterns.

The images and additional information are online at http://www.nasa.gov/cassini and
http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov.

"Enceladus continues to astound," said Bob Pappalardo, Cassini project scientist at
NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. "With each Cassini flyby, we learn
more about its extreme activity and what makes this strange moon tick."

For Cassini's visible-light cameras, the Nov. 21, 2009 flyby provided the last look at
Enceladus' south polar surface before that region of the moon goes into 15 years of
darkness, and includes the most detailed look yet at the jets.

Scientists planned to use this flyby to look for new or smaller jets not visible in previous
images. In one mosaic, scientists count more than 30 individual geysers, including more
than 20 that had not been seen before. At least one jet spouting prominently in previous
images now appears less powerful.

"This last flyby confirms what we suspected," said Carolyn Porco, imaging team lead
based at the Space Science Institute in Boulder, Colo. "The vigor of individual jets can
vary with time, and many jets, large and small, erupt all along the tiger stripes."

A new map that combines heat data with visible-light images shows a 40-kilometer (25-
mile) segment of the longest tiger stripe, known as Baghdad Sulcus. The map illustrates
the correlation, at the highest resolution yet seen, between the geologically youthful
surface fractures and the anomalously warm temperatures that have been recorded in the
south polar region. The broad swaths of heat previously detected by the infrared
spectrometer appear to be confined to a narrow, intense region no more than a kilometer
(half a mile) wide along the fracture.

In these measurements, peak temperatures along Baghdad Sulcus exceed 180 Kelvin
(minus 135 degrees Fahrenheit), and may be higher than 200 Kelvin (minus 100 degrees
Fahrenheit). These warm temperatures probably result from heating of the fracture flanks
by the warm, upwelling water vapor that propels the ice-particle jets seen by Cassini's
cameras. Cassini scientists will be testing this idea by investigating how well the hot
spots correspond with the jet sources.

"The fractures are chilly by Earth standards, but they're a cozy oasis compared to the
numbing 50 Kelvin (-370 Fahrenheit) of their surroundings," said John Spencer, a
composite infrared spectrometer team member based at Southwest Research Institute in
Boulder, Colo. "The huge amount of heat pouring out of the tiger stripe fractures may be
enough to melt the ice underground. Results like this make Enceladus one of the most
exciting places we've found in the solar system."

Some of Cassini's scientists infer that the warmer the temperatures are at the surface, the
greater the likelihood that jets erupt from liquid. "And if true, this makes Enceladus'
organic-rich, liquid sub-surface environment the most accessible extraterrestrial watery
zone known in the solar system," Porco said.

The Nov. 21 flyby was the eighth targeted encounter with Enceladus. It took the
spacecraft to within about 1,600 kilometers (1,000 miles) of the moon's surface, at around
82 degrees south latitude.

The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space
Agency and the Italian Space Agency. JPL, a division of the California Institute of
Technology in Pasadena, manages the mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate,
Washington, D.C. The Cassini orbiter and its two onboard cameras were designed,
developed and assembled at JPL. The imaging operations center is based at the Space
Science Institute in Boulder, Colo. The composite infrared spectrometer team is based at
NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md., where the instrument was built.

More details are also available at the imaging team's website http://ciclops.org and the
composite infrared spectrometer team's website http://cirs.gsfc.nasa.gov.

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Tune in Wednesday to Celebrate Black History Month - Virtually

Tune in Wednesday to Celebrate Black History Month - Virtually

This is a feature from the NASA/JPL Education Office.

02.23.10 -- Tune in live as a panel of NASA/JPL African American engineers and a former high school intern
answer questions posed by students about careers in engineering. Classrooms are invited to watch the 30- to 40-minute
online program on Wed., Feb. 24 at 1 p.m. Eastern/10 a.m. Pacific.

The program will be the web at http://www.ustream.tv/channel/nasajpl . An archive of the show will be available at the same location.

Questions will come from three schools that are joining the live panel discussion, as well as from questions emailed in from students across the country.

More details about the panelists and the program can be found at http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/education/index.cfm?page=128 .

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New NASA Web Page Sheds Light on Science of Warming World

MEDIA RELATIONS OFFICE
JET PROPULSION LABORATORY
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
PASADENA, CALIF. 91109 TELEPHONE 818-354-5011
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov

Alan Buis 818-354-0474
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
Alan.D.Buis@jpl.nasa.gov

Internet advisory: 2010-062 Feb. 23, 2010

New NASA Web Page Sheds Light on Science of Warming World

The full version of this story with accompanying images is at:
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.cfm?release=2010-062&cid=release_2010-062

PASADENA, Calif. -- Will 2010 be the warmest year on record? How do the recent U.S.
"Snowmageddon" winter storms and record low temperatures in Europe fit into the
bigger picture of long-term global warming? NASA has launched a new Web page to help
people better understand the causes and effects of Earth's changing climate.

The new "A Warming World" page hosts a series of new articles, videos, data
visualizations, space-based imagery and interactive visuals that provide unique NASA
perspectives on this topic of global importance.

The page includes feature articles that explore the recent Arctic winter weather that has
gripped the United States, Europe and Asia, and how El Nino and other longer-term
ocean-atmosphere phenomena may affect global temperatures this year and in the future.
A new video, "Piecing Together the Temperature Puzzle," illustrates how NASA satellites
monitor climate change and help scientists better understand how our complex planet
works.

The new Web page is available on NASA's Global Climate Change Web site at:
http://climate.nasa.gov/warmingworld .

More information about NASA and agency programs is online at: http://www.nasa.gov .

The California Institute of Technology in Pasadena manages the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory for NASA.

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Thursday, February 18, 2010

Missing 'Ice Arches' Contributed to 2007 Arctic Ice Loss

MEDIA RELATIONS OFFICE
JET PROPULSION LABORATORY
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
PASADENA, CALIF. 91109 TELEPHONE 818-354-5011
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov

Alan Buis 818-354-0474
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
Alan.buis@jpl.nasa.gov

Kathryn Hansen 301-352-4638
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.
Kathryn.h.hansen@nasa.gov

News release: 2010-056 Feb. 18, 2010

Missing 'Ice Arches' Contributed to 2007 Arctic Ice Loss

The full version of this story with accompanying images is at:
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.cfm?release=2010-056&cid=release_2010-056

PASADENA, Calif. – In 2007, the Arctic lost a massive amount of thick, multiyear sea ice,
contributing to that year's record-low extent of Arctic sea ice. A new NASA-led study has found that
the record loss that year was due in part to the absence of "ice arches," naturally-forming, curved ice
structures that span the openings between two land points. These arches block sea ice from being
pushed by winds or currents through narrow passages and out of the Arctic basin.

Beginning each fall, sea ice spreads across the surface of the Arctic Ocean until it becomes confined
by surrounding continents. Only a few passages -- including the Fram Strait and Nares Strait -- allow
sea ice to escape.

"There are a couple of ways to lose Arctic ice: when it flows out and when it melts," said lead study
researcher Ron Kwok of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. "We are trying to
quantify how much we're losing by outflow versus melt."

Kwok and colleagues found that ice arches were missing in 2007 from the Nares Strait, a relatively
narrow 30- to 40-kilometer-wide (19- to 25-mile-wide) passage west of Greenland. Without the
arches, ice exited freely from the Arctic. The Fram Strait, east of Greenland, is about 400 kilometers
(249 miles) wide and is the passage through which most sea ice usually exits the Arctic.

Despite Nares' narrow width, the team reports that in 2007, ice loss through Nares equaled more than
10 percent of the amount emptied on average each year through the wider Fram Strait.

"Until recently, we didn't think the small straits were important for ice loss," Kwok said. The findings
were published this month in Geophysical Research Letters.

"One of our most important goals is developing predictive models of Arctic sea ice cover," said Tom
Wagner, cryosphere program manager at NASA Headquarters in Washington. "Such models are
important not only to understanding changes in the Arctic, but also changes in global and North
American climate. Figuring out how ice is lost through the Fram and Nares straits is critical to
developing those models."

To find out more about the ice motion in Nares Strait, the scientists examined a 13-year record of
high-resolution radar images from the Canadian RADARSAT and European Envisat satellites. They
found that 2007 was a unique year – the only one on record when arches failed to form, allowing ice
to flow unobstructed through winter and spring.

The arches usually form at southern and northern points within Nares Strait when big blocks of sea ice
try to flow through the strait's restricted confines, become stuck and are compressed by other ice. This
grinds the flow of sea ice to a halt.

"We don't completely understand the conditions conducive to the formation of these arches," Kwok
said. "We do know that they are temperature-dependent because they only form in winter. So there's
concern that if climate warms, the arches could stop forming."

To quantify the impact of ice arches on Arctic Ocean ice cover, the team tracked ice motion evident
in the 13-year span of satellite radar images. They calculated the area of ice passing through an
imaginary line, or "gate," at the entrance to Nares Strait. Then they incorporated ice thickness data
from NASA's ICESat to estimate the volume lost through Nares.

They found that in 2007, Nares Strait drained the Arctic Ocean of 88,060 square kilometers (34,000
square miles) of sea ice, or a volume of 60 cubic miles. The amount was more than twice the average
amount lost through Nares each year between 1997 and 2009.

The ice lost through Nares Strait was some of the thickest and oldest in the Arctic Ocean.

"If indeed these arches are less likely to form in the future, we have to account for the annual ice loss
through this narrow passage. Potentially, this could lead to an even more rapid decline in the summer
ice extent of the Arctic Ocean," Kwok said.

For more information about NASA and agency programs, visit: http://www.nasa.gov .

JPL is managed for NASA by the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

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NASA's Stardust Burns for Comet, Less Than a Year Away

MEDIA RELATIONS OFFICE
JET PROPULSION LABORATORY
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
PASADENA, CALIFORNIA 91109. TELEPHONE 818-354-5011
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov

DC Agle 818-393-9011
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
agle@jpl.nasa.gov

Dwayne Brown 202-358-1726
NASA Headquarters, Washington DC
dwayne.c.brown@nasa.gov

News release: 2010-055 February 18, 2010

NASA's Stardust Burns for Comet, Less Than a Year Away

The full version of this story with accompanying images is at:
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.cfm?release=2010-055&cid=release_2010-055

PASADENA, Calif. - Just three days shy of one year before its planned flyby of comet Tempel 1,
NASA's Stardust spacecraft has successfully performed a maneuver to adjust the time of its
encounter by eight hours and 20 minutes. The delay maximizes the probability of the spacecraft
capturing high-resolution images of the desired surface features of the 2.99-kilometer-wide (1.86
mile) potato-shaped mass of ice and dust.

With the spacecraft on the opposite side of the solar system and beyond the orbit of Mars, the
trajectory correction maneuver began at 5:21 p.m. EST (2:21 p.m. PST) on Feb. 17. Stardust's rockets
fired for 22 minutes and 53 seconds, changing the spacecraft's speed by 24 meters per second (54
miles per hour).

Stardust's maneuver placed the spacecraft on a course to fly by the comet just before 8:42 p.m. PST
(11:42 p.m. EST) on Feb. 14, 2011 – Valentine's Day. Time of closest approach to Tempel 1 is
important because the comet rotates, allowing different regions of the comet to be illuminated by the
sun's rays at different times. Mission scientists want to maximize the probability that areas of interest
previously imaged by NASA's Deep Impact mission in 2005 will also be bathed in the sun's rays and
visible to Stardust's camera when it passes by.

"We could not have asked for a better result from a burn with even a brand-new spacecraft," said Tim
Larson, project manager for the Stardust-NExT at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena,
Calif. "This bird has already logged one comet flyby, one Earth return of the first samples ever
collected from deep space, over 4,000 days of flight and approximately 5.4 billion kilometers (3.4
billion miles) since launch."

Launched on Feb. 7, 1999, Stardust became the first spacecraft in history to collect samples from a
comet and return them to Earth for study. While its sample return capsule parachuted to Earth in
January 2006, mission controllers were placing the still viable spacecraft on a trajectory that would
allow NASA the opportunity to re-use the already-proven flight system if a target of opportunity
presented itself. In January 2007, NASA re-christened the mission "Stardust-NExT" (New
Exploration of Tempel), and the Stardust team began a four-and-a-half year journey to comet Tempel
1. This will be humanity's second exploration of the comet – and the first time a comet has been "re-
visited."

"Stardust-NExT will provide scientists the first opportunity to see the surface changes on a comet
between successive visits into the inner solar system," said Joe Veverka, principal investigator of
Stardust-NExT from Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. "We have theories galore on how each close
pass to the sun causes changes to a comet. Stardust-NExT should give some teeth to some of these
theories, and take a bite out of others."

Along with the high-resolution images of the comet's surface, Stardust-NExT will also measure the
composition, size distribution, and flux of dust emitted into the coma, and provide important new
information on how Jupiter family comets evolve and how they formed 4.6 billion years ago.

Stardust-NExT is a low-cost mission that will expand the investigation of comet Tempel 1 initiated by
NASA's Deep Impact spacecraft. JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in
Pasadena, manages Stardust-NExT for the NASA Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. Joe
Veverka of Cornell University is the mission's principal investigator. Lockheed Martin Space Systems,
Denver Colo., built the spacecraft and manages day-to-day mission operations.

For more information about Stardust-NExT, please visit: http://stardustnext.jpl.nasa.gov/

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Wednesday, February 17, 2010

NASA's WISE Mission Releases Medley of First Images

MEDIA RELATIONS OFFICE
JET PROPULSION LABORATORY
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
PASADENA, CALIFORNIA 91109. TELEPHONE 818-354-5011
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov

Whitney Clavin 818-354-4673
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
whitney.clavin@jpl.nasa.gov

J.D. Harrington 202-358-5241
NASA Headquarters, Washington
j.d.harrington@nasa.gov

News release: 2010-052 Feb. 17, 2010

NASA's WISE Mission Releases Medley of First Images

The full version of this story with accompanying images is at:
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.cfm?release=2010-052&cid=release_2010-052

PASADENA, Calif. -- A diverse cast of cosmic characters is showcased in the first survey images NASA released Wednesday from its Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, or WISE.

Since WISE began its scan of the entire sky in infrared light on Jan. 14, the space telescope has beamed back more than a quarter of a million raw, infrared images. Four new, processed pictures illustrate a sampling of the mission's targets -- a wispy comet, a bursting star-forming cloud, the grand Andromeda galaxy and a faraway cluster of hundreds of galaxies. The images are online at http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/WISE/multimedia/images20100216.html .

"WISE has worked superbly," said Ed Weiler, associate administrator of the Science Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters in Washington. "These first images are proving the spacecraft's secondary mission of helping to track asteroids, comets and other stellar objects will be just as critically important as its primary mission of surveying the entire sky in infrared."

One image shows the beauty of a comet called Siding Spring. As the comet parades toward the sun, it sheds dust that glows in infrared light visible to WISE. The comet's tail, which stretches about 10 million miles, looks like a streak of red paint. A bright star appears below it in blue.

"We've got a candy store of images coming down from space," said Edward (Ned) Wright of UCLA, the principal investigator for WISE. "Everyone has their favorite flavors, and we've got them all."

During its survey, the mission is expected to find perhaps dozens of comets, including some that ride along in orbits that take them somewhat close to Earth's path around the sun. WISE will help unravel clues locked inside comets about how our solar system came to be.

Another image shows a bright and choppy star-forming region called NGC 3603, lying 20,000 light-years away in the Carina spiral arm of our Milky Way galaxy. This star-forming factory is churning out batches of new stars, some of which are monstrously massive and hotter than the sun. The hot stars warm the surrounding dust clouds, causing them to glow at infrared wavelengths.

WISE will see hundreds of similar star-making regions in our galaxy, helping astronomers piece together a picture of how stars are born. The observations also provide an important link to understanding violent episodes of star formation in distant galaxies. Because NGC 3603 is much closer, astronomers use it as a lab to probe the same type of action that is taking place billions of light-years away.

Traveling farther out from our Milky Way, the third new image shows our nearest large neighbor, the Andromeda spiral galaxy. Andromeda is a bit bigger than our Milky Way and about 2.5 million light-years away. The new picture highlights WISE's wide field of view -- it covers an area larger than 100 full moons and even shows other smaller galaxies near Andromeda, all belonging to our "local group" of more than about 50 galaxies. WISE will capture the entire local group.

The fourth WISE picture is even farther out, in a region of hundreds of galaxies all bound together into one family. Called the Fornax cluster, these galaxies are 60 million light-years from Earth. The mission's infrared views reveal both stagnant and active galaxies, providing a census of data on an entire galactic community.

"All these pictures tell a story about our dusty origins and destiny," said Peter Eisenhardt, the WISE project scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. "WISE sees dusty comets and rocky asteroids tracing the formation and evolution of our solar system. We can map thousands of forming and dying solar systems across our entire galaxy. We can see patterns of star formation across other galaxies, and waves of star-bursting galaxies in clusters millions of light years away."

Other mission targets include comets, asteroids and cool stars called brown dwarfs. WISE discovered its first near-Earth asteroid on Jan. 12, and first comet on Jan. 22. The mission will scan the sky one-and-a-half times by October. At that point, the frozen coolant needed to chill its instruments will be depleted.

JPL manages WISE for NASA's Science Mission Directorate. The mission was competitively selected under NASA's Explorers Program, which NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., manages. The Space Dynamics Laboratory in Logan, Utah, built the science instrument, and Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp. of Boulder, Colo., built the spacecraft. Science operations and data processing take place at the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. Caltech manages JPL for NASA. For more information about WISE, visit http://www.nasa.gov/WISE and http://wise.astro.ucla.edu and http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/wise .

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Tuesday, February 16, 2010

California's Climate Educator Conference

California's Climate Educator Conference

May 1-2, 2010

at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California

This is an announcement from the NASA/JPL Education Office.

What: California contains most climate zones and pretty much all types of weather. Both of these features are in response to
local and global forces including atmospheric circulation, the Pacific Ocean and the state's unique and varied topography.
Human factors play a role as well, from global impact to local decisions on urban growth, fire and water resources.

JPL and local scientists, geographers and planners will address the current climate, the historical record, long range trends
and future forecasts in context. Special attention will be paid to the California science standards, especially key areas like
fourth grade where California is a year-long theme.

Who: All educators (including museum staff) and students (high school and above) interested in earth and space science and
exploration. The conference content is generally non-technical but does include some detailed scientific and engineering content.
The objective of the conference is to tell the exciting tale of real-life exploration and new discovery in a way that will excite and inspire
students. Students under 18 years of age must be accompanied by a registered adult. The bulk of the conference is presentations,
not workshop-type activities, but instructional materials and resources will be shared.

When: All day Saturday, May 1, and the morning of Sunday, May 2, 2010. Check-in begins at 8:00 a.m. On Saturday the conference
will conclude by 5:00 p.m. On Sunday the conference will end at noon, for a total of 12 hours of professional development time.

Where: The Jet Propulsion Laboratory's von Kármán Auditorium. JPL is located in the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains
in north Pasadena. For directions please visit http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/about_JPL/maps.cfm. Note that pre-registration is required. Walk-up
registration will not be possible for this conference.

How: To register for this conference please send a check postmarked by April 26, 2010, for $45.00 payable to "Jet Propulsion Laboratory" to:

California Educator Conference
Attn: Mary Kay Kuehn
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
M/S 180-1094800 Oak Grove Drive
Pasadena CA 91109

Please provide the following information:

Name_______________________________
Title________________________________
Organization/School_______________________________________
Address________________________________ State___ Zip______
Citizenship_________________________ (Please bring a photo ID)
Grade(s) Taught__________________________________________
Subject(s) Taught_________________________________________
Contact info for confirmation & last minute changes:
E-mail: _____________________________
Phone: _____________________________

Please register by Monday, April 26, 2010. The $45 registration fee includes continental breakfast and breaks both days and a box lunch on
Saturday. For registration questions please call the JPL Education Office at 818-393-0561. For other questions please call the JPL Educator Resource
Center at 909-397-4420.

Please visit the newly upgraded JPL Education Gateway (http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/education/) for our calendar of upcoming activities. JPL's annual
Open House will be on the weekend of May 15-16, 2010 (http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/events/open-house.cfm).


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Friday, February 12, 2010

Voyager Celebrates 20-Year-Old Valentine to Solar System

JPL/NASA News


Feature Feb. 12, 2010


Voyager Celebrates 20-Year-Old Valentine to Solar System


Twenty years ago on February 14, NASA's Voyager 1 spacecraft had sailed beyond
the outermost planet in our solar system and turned its camera inward to snap a
series of final images that would be its parting valentine to the string of planets it
called home.

Mercury was too close to the sun to see, Mars showed only a thin crescent of
sunlight, and Pluto was too dim, but Voyager was able to capture cameos of
Neptune, Uranus, Saturn, Jupiter, Earth and Venus from its unique vantage point.
These images, later arranged in a large-scale mosaic, make up the only family
portrait of our planets arrayed about the sun.

The Apollo missions in the 1960s and 70s had already altered our perspective of
Earth by returning images of our home planet from the moon, but Voyager was
providing a completely new perspective, said Ed Stone, Voyager project scientist at
the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

"It captured the Earth as a speck of light in the vastness of the solar system, which
is our local neighborhood in the Milky Way galaxy, in a universe replete with
galaxies," Stone said.

In the years since the twin Voyager spacecraft were launched in 1977, they had
already sent back breathtaking, groundbreaking pictures of the gas giants Jupiter,
Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. It took Voyager 1 more than 12 years to reach the
place where it took the group portrait, 6 billion kilometers (almost 4 billion miles)
away from the sun. The imaging team started snapping images of the outer planets
first because they were worried that pointing the camera near the sun would blind
it and prevent more picture-taking.

Candy Hansen, a planetary scientist based at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in
Pasadena, Calif., who worked with the Voyager imaging team at the time,
remembers combing through the images and finally finding the image of Earth. She
had seen so many pictures over the years that she could distinguish dust on the
lens from the black dots imprinted on the lens for geometric correction.

There was our planet, a bright speck sitting in a kind of spotlight of sunlight
scattered by the camera. Hansen still gets chills thinking about it.

"I was struck by how special Earth was, as I saw it shining in a ray of sunlight," she
said. "It also made me think about how vulnerable our tiny planet is."

This was the image that inspired Carl Sagan, the the Voyager imaging team member
who had suggested taking this portrait, to call our home planet "a pale blue dot."

As he wrote in a book by that name, "That's here. That's home. That's us. On it
everyone you love, everyone you know, everyone you ever heard of, every human
being who ever was, lived out their lives. … There is perhaps no better
demonstration of the folly of human conceits than this distant image of our tiny
world."

After these images were taken, mission managers started powering down the
cameras. The spacecraft weren't going to fly near anything else, and other
instruments that were still collecting data needed power for the long journey to
interstellar space that was ahead.

The Voyagers are still transmitting data daily back to Earth. Voyager 1 is now
nearly 17 billion kilometers (more than 10 billion miles) away from the sun. The
spacecraft have continued on to the next leg of their interstellar mission, closing in
on the boundary of the bubble created by the sun that envelops all the planets.
Scientists eagerly await the time when the Voyagers will leave that bubble and
enter interstellar space.

"We were marveling at the vastness of space when this portrait was taken, but 20
years later, we're still inside the bubble," Stone said. "Voyager 1 may leave the
solar bubble in five more years, but the family portrait gives you a sense of the
scale of our neighborhood and that there is a great deal beyond it yet to be
discovered."

The Voyagers were built by JPL, which continues to operate both spacecraft.
Caltech manages JPL for NASA.

#2010-048

-end-

Jia-Rui C. Cook 818-354-0850
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
jia-rui.c.cook@jpl.nasa.gov


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Thursday, February 11, 2010

Celebrate Black History Month Virtually: Ask Questions of NASA Engineers

Celebrate Black History Month Virtually: Ask Questions of NASA Engineers

02.11.10 -- What is it like to work at NASA? What jobs do engineers have on space missions? What classes should I take to become an engineer? A panel of African American engineers at NASA's
Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., and a former high school intern will answer these questions and more during a live online program on Wed., Feb. 24 at 1 p.m. Eastern/10 a.m. Pacific.
JPL manages many robotic space missions for NASA, including the Mars Exploration Rovers and the Cassini Mission at Saturn.

This online event honoring Black History Month is geared to high school students. School audiences will be able to "tune in live" to the NASA/JPL UStream Web page at
http://www.ustream.tv/channel/nasajpl to watch the 30- to 40-minute program.

Classrooms are invited to email questions in advance to the panel. All questions must be received by Friday, Feb. 19 at 6 p.m. Eastern/3 p.m. Pacific. To submit a question,
send it to education@jpl.nasa.gov . Please include school name, city, state, grade level and, preferably, student's first name. No last names will be used. A few pre-selected
schools may pose questions live to the panel.

The panel of engineers includes:

Kobie Boykins -- Kobie began his work at JPL as a student "co-op" working on the mobility system for the Mars Pathfinder Mission. He was involved in building the solar array panels
for the Mars Exploration Rovers and is currently working on the upcoming Mars Science Laboratory Mission.

Tracy Drain -- Tracy's first assignment at JPL was to work on futuristic robotic outposts on Mars. She later built and tested command sequences, or computer instructions for a
spacecraft, for the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Mission. On the Kepler Mission, Tracy co-led the operations team in responding to unplanned events during space travel. She is
currently working on the Juno Mission to Jupiter, focusing on ways to ensure safe space travel to the planet.

Carrine Johnson -- Carrine is currently a senior in a Southern California high school. Last summer she was an intern at JPL. This fall, Carrine plans to attend college and major in engineering.

Visit http://education.jpl.nasa.gov for more information about JPL's educational opportunities and teacher resources.

All NASA educational materials are at http://www.nasa.gov/offices/education/about/index.html .


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WISE Spies a Comet with its Powerful Infrared Eye

Whitney Clavin 818-354-4673
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
whitney.clavin@jpl.nasa.gov

Feature: 2010-021 Feb. 11, 2010

WISE Spies a Comet with its Powerful Infrared Eye

The full version of this story with accompanying images is at:
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.cfm?release=2010-046&cid=release_2010-046

NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, or WISE, has discovered its first comet, one of many
the mission is expected to find among millions of other objects during its ongoing survey of the whole
sky in infrared light.

Officially named "P/2010 B2 (WISE)," but known simply as WISE, the comet is a dusty mass of ice
more than 2 kilometers (1.2 miles) in diameter. It probably formed around the same time as our solar
system, about 4.5 billion years ago. Comet WISE started out in the cold, dark reaches of our solar
system, but after a long history of getting knocked around by the gravitational forces of Jupiter, it
settled into an orbit much closer to the sun. Right now, the comet is heading away from the sun and is
about 175 million kilometers (109 million miles) from Earth.

"Comets are ancient reservoirs of water. They are one of the few places besides Earth in the inner
solar system where water is known to exist," said Amy Mainzer of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory
in Pasadena, Calif. Mainzer is the principal investigator of NEOWISE, a project to find and catalog
new asteroids and comets spotted by WISE (the acronym combines WISE with NEO, the shorthand
for near-Earth object).

"With WISE, we have a powerful tool to find new comets and learn more about the population as a
whole. Water is necessary for life as we know it, and comets can tell us more about how much there is
in our solar system."

The WISE telescope, which launched into a polar orbit around Earth on Dec. 14, 2009, is expected to
discover anywhere from a few to dozens of new comets, in addition to hundreds of thousands of
asteroids. Comets are harder to find than asteroids because they are much more rare in the inner solar
system. Whereas asteroids tour around in the "main belt" between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, large
numbers of comets orbit farther away, in the icy outer reaches of our solar system.

Both asteroids and comets can fall into orbits that bring them close to Earth's path around the sun.
Most of these "near-Earth objects" are asteroids but some are comets. WISE is expected to find new
near-Earth comets, and this will give us a better idea of how threatening they might be to Earth.

"It is very unlikely that a comet will hit Earth," said James Bauer, a scientist at JPL working on the
WISE project, "But, in the rare chance that one did, it could be dangerous. The new discoveries from
WISE will give us more precise statistics about the probability of such an event, and how powerful an
impact it might yield."

The space telescope spotted the comet during its routine scan of the sky on January 22. Sophisticated
software plucked the comet out from the stream of images pouring down from space by looking for
objects that move quickly relative to background stars. The comet discovery was followed up by a
combination of professional and amateur astronomers using telescopes across the United States.

A teacher also teamed up with an observer to measure comet WISE using a home-built telescope next
to a cornfield in Illinois. Their research is part of the International Astronomical Search Collaboration,
an education program that helps teachers and students observe comets and asteroids (more
information is online at http://iasc.hsutx.edu/ ).

All the data are catalogued at the Minor Planet Center, in Cambridge, Mass., the worldwide
clearinghouse for all observations and orbits of minor planets and comets.

Comet WISE takes 4.7 years to circle the sun, with its farthest point being about 4 astronomical units
away, and its closest point being 1.6 astronomical units (near the orbit of Mars). An astronomical unit
is the distance between Earth and the sun. Heat from the sun causes gas and dust to blow off the
comet, resulting in a dusty coma, or shell, and a tail.

Though this particular body is actively shedding dust, WISE is also expected to find dark, dead
comets. Once a comet has taken many trips around the sun, its icy components erode away, leaving
only a dark, rocky core. Not much is known about these objects because they are hard to see in
visible light. WISE's infrared sight should be able to pick up the feeble glow of some of these dark
comets, answering questions about precisely how and where they form.

"Dead comets can be darker than coal," said Mainzer. "But in infrared light, they will pop into view.
One question we want to answer with WISE is how many dead comets make up the near-Earth object
population."

The mission will spend the next eight months mapping the sky one-and-a-half times. A first batch of
data will be available to the public in the spring of 2011, and the final catalog a year later. Selected
images and findings will be released throughout the mission.

JPL manages the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer for NASA's Science Mission Directorate,
Washington. The principal investigator, Edward Wright, is at UCLA. The mission was competitively
selected under NASA's Explorers Program managed by the Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt,
Md. The science instrument was built by the Space Dynamics Laboratory, Logan, Utah, and the
spacecraft was built by Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp., Boulder, Colo. Science operations and
data processing take place at the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center at the California Institute
of Technology in Pasadena. Caltech manages JPL for NASA. The ground-based observations are
partly supported by the National Science Foundation. The Minor Planet Center is funded by NASA.
More information is online at http://www.nasa.gov/wise and http://wise.astro.ucla.edu.

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Layers Piled in a Mars Crater Record a History of Changes

MEDIA RELATIONS OFFICE
JET PROPULSION LABORATORY
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
PASADENA, CALIF. 91109. TELEPHONE 818-354-5011
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov

Guy Webster 818-354-6278
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
guy.webster@jpl.nasa.gov

Michael Buckley 240-228-7536
Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Md.
michael.buckley@jhuapl.edu

Dwayne Brown 202-358-1726
NASA Headquarters, Washington
dwayne.c.brown@nasa.gov

NEWS RELEASE: 2010-044 Feb. 11, 2010

LAYERS PILED IN A MARS CRATER RECORD A HISTORY OF CHANGES

The full version of this story with accompanying images is at:
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.cfm?release=2010-044&cid=release_2010-044

PASADENA, Calif. -- Near the center of a Martian crater about the size of Connecticut,
hundreds of exposed rock layers form a mound as tall as the Rockies and reveal a record of major
environmental changes on Mars billions of years ago.

The history told by this tall parfait of layers inside Gale Crater matches what has been proposed
in recent years as the dominant planet-wide pattern for early Mars, according to a new report by
geologists using instruments on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter.

"Looking at the layers from the bottom to the top, from the oldest to the youngest, you see a
sequence of changing rocks that resulted from changes in environmental conditions through
time," said Ralph Milliken of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. "This thick
sequence of rocks appears to be showing different steps in the drying-out of Mars."

Using geological layers to understand stages in the evolution of a planet's climate has a precedent
on Earth. A change about 1.8 billion years ago in the types of rock layers formed on Earth
became a key to understanding a dramatic change in Earth's ancient atmosphere.

Milliken and two co-authors report in Geophysical Research Letters that clay minerals, which
form under very wet conditions, are concentrated in layers near the bottom of the Gale stack.
Above that, sulfate minerals are intermixed with the clays. Sulfates form in wet conditions and
can be deposited when the water in which they are dissolved evaporates. Higher still are sulfate-
containing layers without detectable clays. And at the top is a thick formation of regularly spaced
layers bearing no detectable water-related minerals.

Rock exposures with compositions like various layers of the Gale stack have been mapped
elsewhere on Mars, and researchers, including Jean-Pierre Bibring of the University of Paris, have
proposed a Martian planetary chronology of clay-producing conditions followed by sulfate-
producing conditions followed by dry conditions. However, Gale is the first location where a
single series of layers has been found to contain these clues in a clearly defined sequence from
older rocks to younger rocks.

"If you could stand there, you would see this beautiful formation of Martian sediments laid
down in the past, a stratigraphic section that's more than twice the height of the Grand Canyon,
though not as steep," said Bradley Thomson of the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics
Laboratory, Laurel, Md. He and John Grotzinger of the California Institute of Technology in
Pasadena are Milliken's co-authors.

NASA selected Gale Crater in 2008 as one of four finalist sites for the Mars Science Laboratory
rover, Curiosity, which has a planned launch in 2011. The finalist sites all have exposures of
water-related minerals, and each has attributes that distinguish it from the others. This new report
is an example of how observations made for evaluating the landing-site candidates are providing
valuable science results even before the rover mission launches.

Three instruments on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter have provided key data about the
layered mound in Gale Crater. Images from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment
camera reveal details used to map hundreds of layers. Using stereo pairs of the images, the U.S.
Geological Survey has generated three-dimensional models used to discern elevation differences
as small as a meter (about a yard). Observations by the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging
Spectrometer for Mars yielded information about minerals on the surface. The Context Camera
provided broader-scale images showing how the layers fit geologically into their surroundings.

Thomson said, "This work demonstrates the synergy of the instruments on the Mars
Reconnaissance Orbiter. We wouldn't have as complete a picture if we were missing any of the
components."

The mission has been studying Mars since 2006. It has returned more data from the planet than
all other Mars missions combined. More information about this mission is at
http://www.nasa.gov/mro .

Malin Space Science Systems, San Diego, provided and operates the Context Camera. Johns
Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory provided and operates the Compact
Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer. The University of Arizona Lunar and Planetary
Laboratory, Tucson, operates the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment, which was built
by Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp., Boulder, Colo.

JPL, a division of Caltech, manages the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter for NASA's Science
Mission Directorate, Washington. Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Denver, is the prime
contractor for the project and built the spacecraft.

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Wednesday, February 10, 2010

JPL Hosts Annual High-Tech Small Business Conference

MEDIA RELATIONS OFFICE
JET PROPULSION LABORATORY
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
PASADENA, CALIF. 91109 TELEPHONE 818-354-5011
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov

Mark Petrovich 818-393-4359
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
mark.petrovich@jpl.nasa.gov

News release: 2010-042 Feb. 10, 2010

JPL Hosts Annual High-Tech Small Business Conference

The full version of this story with accompanying images is at:
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.cfm?release=2010-042&cid=release_2010-042

PASADENA, Calif. -- NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., in conjunction
with NASA and the Small Business Administration, are hosting the 22nd annual High-Tech
Conference for Small Business on Tuesday, March 2, and Wednesday, March 3, at the Westin
Hotel located at 5400 West Century Blvd., Los Angeles, Calif. 90045, near Los Angeles
International Airport.

This conference provides a forum for technology-oriented small businesses owned by minorities,
women, veterans and service-disabled veterans, and small businesses located in historically
underutilized areas or zones, to learn about subcontract opportunities. There, they can meet with
major corporations, federal agencies, local government agencies and JPL's purchasing and
technical communities.

The conference offers various "how-to" workshops that include detailed explanations about
conducting business with JPL and the federal government, and discussions of emerging
technologies and JPL's future technological needs.

The workshops are designed to improve business development and strategy skills for small
businesses. Workshop speakers and panelists are selected for their expertise in procurement and
high-tech programs. The featured keynote speakers are chosen for their contributions to small
business.

"The objective of the conference is to assist small businesses in acquiring contract work with
large, technologically-driven, successful companies, while simultaneously helping JPL meet its
socioeconomic goals," said Martin Ramirez, manager for the Business Opportunities Office at
JPL.

Due to limited space, only prime contractors and government agencies will be allowed to exhibit.
There is no fee to exhibit. Interested and qualified exhibitors should contact Jasmine Colbert at
818-354-8689.

Last year's event drew more than 1,000 attendees, including about 250 prime contractors, various
JPL subcontractors and government representatives participating as exhibitors.

Those interested in attending are encouraged to register early for this event. Online registration is
available at: http://acquisition.jpl.nasa.gov/boo/2010HT/. The cost for 22nd annual High-Tech
Conference for Small Business is $140 per person. Registration deadline is Monday, Feb. 22.

JPL is managed for NASA by the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

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Tuesday, February 9, 2010

Caltech Theater Presents the Pasadena Story of JPL Co-Founder Jack Parsons

Caltech Theater Presents the Pasadena Story of JPL Co-Founder Jack Parsons
Feb. 19 - 27, 2010


02.09.10 - The Theater Arts at the California Institute of Technology (TACIT) is proud to present the world premiere of "Pasadena Babalon," a new stage play dealing
with the life of rocket pioneer Jack Parsons, co-founder of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and the Aerojet General Corporation.

Caltech Theater director Brian Brophy will direct the play penned by George Morgan, author of last year's well-received "Rocket Girl."
Babalon takes the audience on a journey through mid-1930s Pasadena up until Jack's untimely death in 1952. Surrounded by a gallery of
characters including Aleister Crowley, L. Ron Hubbard, Theodore Von Karman and many others, the play examines the nature of genius, with
its unintended consequences, black magic, military contracts and the formation of JPL.

"Pasadena Babalon" is scheduled to open Friday, February 19, and continues Saturday, Feb. 20; Sunday, Feb. 21 (shows at 2:30 and 7:30);
and Friday, Feb. 26, closing on Feb. 27. All shows except Sunday are at 8 p.m. in Caltech's Ramo Auditorium.

$18 General Admission
$9 Seniors and students over 18 with ID
$5 Caltech students with ID and children under 18
(Group discounts are available.)

To order tickets, contact the Caltech Ticket Office at 1-888-2-CALTECH or 626-395-4652 (TDD number 626-395-3700). The Ticket Office is located at
332 S. Michigan Ave., Pasadena, CA 91106. You can also fax the Ticket Office at 626-395-1721, email them at events@caltech.edu,
or visit their Web site at http://events.caltech.edu/ .

For more information about the Theater Arts at the California Institute of Technology, go to http://tacit.caltech.edu/ .
For directions, go to http://events.caltech.edu/find.html .


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Wednesday, February 3, 2010

NASA Extends Cassini's Tour of Saturn, Continuing International Cooperation for World Class Science

MEDIA RELATIONS OFFICE
JET PROPULSION LABORATORY
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
PASADENA, CALIFORNIA 91109. TELEPHONE 818-354-5011
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov

Jia-Rui C. Cook 818-354-0850
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
jia-rui.c.cook@jpl.nasa.gov

Dwayne Brown 202-358-1726
NASA Headquarters, Washington
dwayne.c.brown@nasa.gov

NEWS RELEASE: 2010-039 Feb. 3, 2010

NASA EXTENDS CASSINI'S TOUR OF SATURN, CONTINUING INTERNATIONAL
COOPERATION FOR WORLD CLASS SCIENCE

The full version of this story with accompanying images is at:
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.cfm?release=2010-039&cid=release_2010-039

PASADENA, Calif. -- NASA will extend the international Cassini-Huygens mission to explore
Saturn and its moons to 2017. The agency's fiscal year 2011 budget provides a $60 million per
year extension for continued study of the ringed planet.

"This is a mission that never stops providing us surprising scientific results and showing us eye
popping new vistas," said Jim Green, director of NASA's planetary science division at NASA
Headquarters in Washington. "The historic traveler's stunning discoveries and images have
revolutionized our knowledge of Saturn and its moons."

Cassini launched in October 1997 with the European Space Agency's Huygens probe. The
spacecraft arrived at Saturn in 2004. The probe was equipped with six instruments to study Titan,
Saturn's largest moon. Cassini's 12 instruments have returned a daily stream of data from Saturn's
system for nearly six years. The project was scheduled to end in 2008, but the mission received a
27-month extension to Sept. 2010.

"The extension presents a unique opportunity to follow seasonal changes of an outer planet
system all the way from its winter to its summer," said Bob Pappalardo, Cassini project scientist
at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. "Some of Cassini's most exciting
discoveries still lie ahead."

This second extension, called the Cassini Solstice Mission, enables scientists to study seasonal
and other long-term weather changes on the planet and its moons. Cassini arrived just after
Saturn's northern winter solstice, and this extension continues until a few months past northern
summer solstice in May 2017. The northern summer solstice marks the beginning of summer in
the northern hemisphere and winter in the southern hemisphere.

A complete seasonal period on Saturn has never been studied at this level of detail. The Solstice
mission schedule calls for an additional 155 orbits around the planet, 54 flybys of Titan and 11
flybys of the icy moon Enceladus.

The mission extension also will allow scientists to continue observations of Saturn's rings and the
magnetic bubble around the planet known as the magnetosphere. The spacecraft will make
repeated dives between Saturn and its rings to obtain in depth knowledge of the gas giant.
During these dives, the spacecraft will study the internal structure of Saturn, its magnetic
fluctuations and ring mass.

The mission will be evaluated periodically to ensure the spacecraft has the ability to achieve new
science objectives for the entire extension.

"The spacecraft is doing remarkably well, even as we endure the expected effects of age after
logging 2.6 billion miles on its odometer," said Bob Mitchell, Cassini program manager at JPL.
"This extension is important because there is so much still to be learned at Saturn. The planet is
full of secrets, and it doesn't give them up easily."

Cassini's travel scrapbook includes more than 210,000 images; information gathered during more
than 125 revolutions around Saturn; 67 flybys of Titan and eight close flybys of Enceladus.
Cassini has revealed unexpected details in the planet's signature rings, and observations of Titan
have given scientists a glimpse of what Earth might have been like before life evolved.

Scientists hope to learn answers to many questions that have developed during the course of the
mission, including why Saturn seems to have an inconsistent rotation rate and how a probable
subsurface ocean feeds the Enceladus' jets.

The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and
the Italian Space Agency. JPL manages the project for NASA's Science Mission Directorate in
Washington. The Cassini orbiter was designed, developed and assembled at JPL.

More Cassini information is available, at http://www.nasa.gov/cassini and
http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov.


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A Little Telescope Goes a Long Way

MEDIA RELATIONS OFFICE
JET PROPULSION LABORATORY
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
PASADENA, CALIFORNIA 91109. TELEPHONE 818-354-5011
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov

Whitney Clavin 818-354-4673
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
whitney.clavin@jpl.nasa.gov

NEWS RELEASE: 2010-038 Feb. 3, 2010

A LITTLE TELESCOPE GOES A LONG WAY

The full version of this story with accompanying images is at:
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.cfm?release=2010-038&cid=release_2010-038

NASA astronomers have successfully demonstrated that a David of a telescope can tackle
Goliath-size questions in the quest to study Earth-like planets around other stars. Their work,
reported today in the journal Nature, provides a new tool for ground-based observatories,
promising to accelerate by years the search for prebiotic, or life-related, molecules on planets
orbiting stars beyond our solar system.

The scientists reported on a new technique used with a relatively small Earth-based telescope to
identify an organic molecule in the atmosphere of a Jupiter-size planet nearly 63 light-years away.
The measurement revealed details of the exoplanet's atmospheric composition and conditions, an
unprecedented achievement from an Earth-based observatory.

The surprising new finding comes from a venerable 30-year-old, 3-meter-diameter (10-foot)
telescope that ranks 40th among ground-based telescopes – NASA's Infrared Telescope Facility
atop Mauna Kea, Hawaii.

The new technique promises to further speed the work of studying planet atmospheres by
enabling studies from the ground that were previously possible only through a few very high-
performance space telescopes. "Given favorable observing conditions, this work suggests we may
be able to detect organic molecules in the atmospheres of terrestrial planets with existing
instruments," said lead author Mark Swain, an astronomer at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
Pasadena, Calif. This can allow fast and economical advances in focused studies of exoplanet
atmospheres, accelerating our understanding of the growing stable of exoplanets.

"The fact that we have used a relatively small, ground-based telescope is exciting because it
implies that the largest telescopes on the ground, using this technique, may be able to characterize
terrestrial exoplanet targets," Swain said.

Currently, more than 400 exoplanets are known. Most are gaseous like Jupiter, but some "super-
Earths" are thought to be large terrestrial, or rocky, worlds. A true Earth-like planet, with the
same size as our planet and distance from its star, has yet to be discovered. NASA's Kepler
mission is searching from space now, and is expected to find several of these earthly worlds by
the end of its three-and-a-half-year prime mission.

On Aug. 11, 2007, Swain and his team turned the infrared telescope to the hot, Jupiter-size
planet HD 189733b in the constellation Vulpecula. Every 2.2 days, the planet orbits a K-type
main sequence star slightly cooler and smaller than our sun. HD189733b had already yielded
breakthrough advances in exoplanet science, including detections of water vapor, methane and
carbon dioxide, using space telescopes. Using the new technique, the astronomers successfully
detected carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere of HD 189733b with a spectrograph,
which splits light into its components to reveal the distinctive spectral signatures of different
chemicals. Their key work was development of a novel calibration method to remove systematic
observation errors caused by the variability of Earth's atmosphere and instability due to the
movement of the telescope system as it tracks its target.

"As a consequence of this work, we now have the exciting prospect that other suitably equipped
yet relatively small ground-based telescopes should be capable of characterizing exoplanets," said
John Rayner, the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility support scientist who built the SpeX
spectrograph used for these measurements. "On some days we can't even see the sun with the
telescope, and the fact that on other days we can now obtain a spectrum of an exoplanet 63 light-
years away is astonishing."

In the course of their observations, the team found unexpected bright infrared emission from
methane that stands out on the day side of HD198733b, indicating some kind of activity in the
planet's atmosphere. Swain said this puzzling feature could be related to the effect of ultraviolet
radiation from the planet's parent star hitting the planet's upper atmosphere, but more detailed
study is needed. "This feature indicates the surprises that await us as we study exoplanet
atmospheres," he added.

"An immediate goal for using this technique is to more fully characterize the atmosphere of this
and other exoplanets, including detection of organic and possibly prebiotic molecules" like those
that preceded the evolution of life on Earth, said Swain. "We're ready to undertake that task."
Some early targets will be the super-Earths. Used in synergy with observations from NASA's
Hubble, Spitzer and the future James Webb Space Telescope, the new technique "will give us an
absolutely brilliant way to characterize super-Earths," Swain said.

Other authors are Pieter Deroo, Gautam Vasisht and Pin Chen of JPL; Caitlin A. Griffith of the
University of Arizona, Tucson; Giovanna Tinetti of University College London; Ian J. Crossfield
of UCLA; Azam Thatte of the George Institute of Technology, Atlanta; Jeroen Bouwman,
Cristina Afonso and Thomas Henning of Max-Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg,
Germany; and Daniel Angerhausen of the German SOFIA Institute, Stuttgart, Germany.

The work was carried out with funding from NASA's Office of Space Science in Washington,
D.C. The NASA Infrared Telescope Facility is managed by the University of Hawaii's Institute
for Astronomy. JPL is managed by the California Institute of Technology for NASA.

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