NASA's Spitzer Telescope Warms up to New Career

MEDIA RELATIONS OFFICE
JET PROPULSION LABORATORY
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
PASADENA, CALIFORNIA 91109. TELEPHONE 818-354-5011
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov

Whitney Clavin 818-354-4673
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
whitney.clavin@jpl.nasa.gov

NEWS RELEASE: 2009-078 May 6, 2009

NASA's Spitzer Telescope Warms up to New Career

PASADENA, Calif. -- The primary mission of NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope is about to end
after more than five-and-a-half years of probing the cosmos with its keen infrared eye. Within
about a week of May 12, the telescope is expected to run out of the liquid helium needed to chill
some of its instruments to operating temperatures.

The end of the coolant will begin a new era for Spitzer. The telescope will start its "warm"
mission with two channels of one instrument still working at full capacity. Some of the science
explored by a warm Spitzer will be the same, and some will be entirely new.

"We like to think of Spitzer as being reborn," said Robert Wilson, Spitzer project manager at
NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. "Spitzer led an amazing life, performing
above and beyond its call of duty. Its primary mission might be over, but it will tackle new
scientific pursuits, and more breakthroughs are sure to come."

Spitzer is the last of NASA's Great Observatories, a suite of telescopes designed to see the
visible and invisible colors of the universe. The suite also includes NASA's Hubble and Chandra
space telescopes. Spitzer has explored, with unprecedented sensitivity, the infrared side of the
cosmos, where dark, dusty and distant objects hide.

For a telescope to detect infrared light -- essentially heat -- from cool cosmic objects, it must have
very little heat of its own. During the past five years, liquid helium has run through Spitzer's
"veins," keeping its three instruments chilled to -456 degrees Fahrenheit (-271 Celsius), or less
than 3 degrees above absolute zero, the coldest temperature theoretically attainable. The cryogen
was projected to last as little as two-and-a-half years, but Spitzer's efficient design and careful
operations enabled it to last more than five-and-a-half years.

Spitzer's new "warm" temperature is still quite chilly at -404 degrees Fahrenheit (-242 Celsius) --
much colder than a winter day in Antarctica when temperatures sometimes reach -75 degrees
Fahrenheit (-59 Celsius). This temperature rise means two of Spitzer's instruments -- its longer
wavelength multiband imaging photometer and its infrared spectrograph -- will no longer be cold
enough to detect cool objects in space.

However, the telescope's two shortest-wavelength detectors in its infrared array camera will
continue to function perfectly. They will still pick up the glow from a range of objects: asteroids
in our solar system, dusty stars, planet-forming disks, gas-giant planets and distant galaxies. In
addition, Spitzer still will be able to see through the dust that permeates our galaxy and blocks
visible-light views.

"We will do exciting and important science with these two infrared channels," said Spitzer
Project Scientist Michael Werner of JPL. Werner has been working on Spitzer for more than 30
years. "Our new science program takes advantage of what these channels do best. We're focusing
on aspects of the cosmos that we still have much to learn about."

Since its launch from Cape Canaveral, Fla., on Aug. 25, 2003, Spitzer has made countless
breakthroughs in astronomy. Observations of comets both near and far have established that the
stuff of comets and planets is similar throughout the galaxy. Breathtaking photos of dusty stellar
nests have led to new insights into how stars are born. And Spitzer's eye on the very distant
universe, billions of light-years away, has revealed hundreds of massive black holes lurking in the
dark.

Perhaps the most revolutionary and surprising Spitzer findings involve planets around other stars,
called exoplanets. Exoplanets are, in almost all cases, too close to their parent stars to be seen
from our Earthly point of view. Nevertheless, planet hunters continue to uncover them by looking
for changes in the parent stars. Before Spitzer, everything we knew about exoplanets came from
indirect observations such as these.

In 2005, Spitzer detected the first light, or photons, from an exoplanet. In a clever technique,
now referred to as the secondary-eclipse method, Spitzer was able to collect the light of a hot,
gaseous exoplanet and learn about its temperature. Further detailed spectroscopic studies later
revealed more about the atmospheres, or "weather," on similar planets. More recently, Spitzer
witnessed changes in the weather on a wildly eccentric gas exoplanet -- a storm of colossal
proportions brewing up in a matter of hours before quickly settling down.

"Nobody had any idea Spitzer would be able to directly study exoplanets when we designed it,"
Werner said. "When astronomers planned the first observations, we had no idea if they would
work. To our amazement and delight, they did."

These are a few of Spitzer's achievements during the past five-and-a-half years. Data from the
telescope are cited in more than 1,500 scientific papers. And scientists and engineers expect the
rewards to keep on coming during Spitzer's golden years.

Some of Spitzer's new pursuits include refining estimates of Hubble's constant, or the rate at
which our universe is stretching apart; searching for galaxies at the edge of the universe; assessing
how often potentially hazardous asteroids might impact Earth by measuring the sizes of
asteroids; and characterizing the atmospheres of gas-giant planets expected to be discovered soon
by NASA's Kepler mission. As was true during the cold Spitzer mission, these and the other
programs are selected through a competition in which scientists from around the world are
invited to participate.

JPL manages the Spitzer mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington.
Science operations are conducted at the Spitzer Science Center at the California Institute of
Technology in Pasadena. Lockheed Martin Space Systems in Denver, and Ball Aerospace &
Technologies Corp. in Boulder, Colo. support mission and science operations. NASA's Goddard
Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., built Spitzer's infrared array camera; the instrument's
principal investigator is Giovanni Fazio of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in
Cambridge, Mass. Ball Aerospace & Technology Corp. built Spitzer's infrared spectrograph; its
principal investigator is Jim Houck of Cornell University in Ithaca, N.Y. Ball Aerospace &
Technology Corp. and the University of Arizona in Tucson, built the multiband imaging
photometer for Spitzer; its principal investigator is George Rieke of the University of Arizona.

More information about Spitzer is online at http://www.nasa.gov/spitzer and
http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/spitzer .

-end-

To remove yourself from this mailing, please go to http://www.kintera.org/TR.asp?a=nvL0LaMXLlKWLnI&s=gqJUIVMxFcJGKUNDIqF&m=ksKTJ3PFKdK0G

To remove yourself from all mailings from NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, please go to http://www.kintera.org/TR.asp?a=goJMIPNvFeJJJ3K&s=gqJUIVMxFcJGKUNDIqF&m=ksKTJ3PFKdK0G