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Tuesday, March 31, 2015

JPL News - Day in Review

 

DAY IN REVIEW
NASA Releases Tool Enabling Citizen Scientists to Examine Asteroid Vesta
NASA Releases Tool Enabling Citizen Scientists to Examine Asteroid Vesta
NASA has announced the release of Vesta Trek, a free, web-based application that provides detailed visualizations of Vesta, one of the largest asteroids in our solar system.

› Read the full story
Curiosity Sniffs Out History of Martian Atmosphere
Curiosity Sniffs Out History of Martian Atmosphere
NASA's Curiosity rover is using a new experiment to better understand the history of the Martian atmosphere by analyzing xenon.

› Read the full story

 



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Monday, March 30, 2015

JPL News - Day in Review

 

DAY IN REVIEW
Saturn Spacecraft Returns to the Realm of Icy Moons
Saturn Spacecraft Returns to the Realm of Icy Moons
A dual view of Saturn's icy moon Rhea marks the return of NASA's Cassini spacecraft to the realm of the planet's icy satellites.

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Take a Spin With NASA Cutting-edge Mars Landing Technology
Take a Spin With NASA Cutting-edge Mars Landing Technology
Tune in to a live, interactive broadcast from JPL where a test vehicle for NASA's Low-Density Supersonic Decelerator project is being prepped for its next test flight in June.

› Read the full story

 



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April Educator Workshop: Our Solar System and the Periodic Table of Elements

 

JPL EDUCATION / WORKSHOPS
Educator Workshop - Our Solar System and the Periodic Table of Elements
Our Solar System and the Periodic Table of Elements

Date: Saturday, April 11, 10 a.m. to 12:45 p.m.

Target Audience: Formal and informal educators for grades 3 through 8

Location: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, von Karman Auditorium

Overview: Do your students struggle with the Periodic Table of Elements? This California-standards-based workshop will help you get students engaged and excited about the Periodic Table by using planets and our solar system as a basis for understanding. Take a trip with NASA missions through the solar system, beginning at the center and reaching to the outer boundaries, and discover lessons about the elements that are relevant and fun!

Call the Educator Resource Center at (818) 393-5917 to reserve your spot.

This free workshop is offered through the NASA/JPL Educator Resource Center, which provides formal and informal educators with NASA resources and materials that support STEM learning. For more information, visit the Educator Resource Center page at: http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/education/index.cfm?page=115.

For a list of more upcoming educator workshops from NASA/JPL Education, visit: http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/education/index.cfm?page=387

 



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Friday, March 27, 2015

JPL News - Day in Review

 

DAY IN REVIEW
Scars on Mars from 2012 Rover Landing Fade -- Usually

A series of observations from Mars orbit show how dark blast zones that were created during the August 2012 landing of NASA's Curiosity rover have faded inconsistently.

The High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter made the observations on multiple dates from landing to last month. After fading for about two years, the pace of change slowed and some of the scars may have even darkened again.

The images track changes in blast zones at four locations caused by different pieces of Curiosity hardware, such as the heat shield and the descent stage. The four series, each with images from five to seven different dates since landing, are available online at:

http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/spaceimages/details.php?id=PIA19159

"Spacecraft like Curiosity create these dark blast zone patterns where bright dust is blown away by the landing," said Ingrid Daubar, a HiRISE team scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, who has used similar blast zones to find fresh meteor impact sites on Mars. "We expected to see them fade as the wind moved the dust around during the months and years after landing, but we've been surprised to see that the rate of change doesn't appear to be consistent."

One purpose for repeated follow-up imaging of Curiosity's landing area has been to check whether scientists could model the fading and predict how long it would take for the scars to disappear. Daubar's work on this aids preparations for NASA's next Mars lander, InSight, on track for launch in March 2016. The InSight mission will deploy a heat probe that will hammer itself a few yards, or meters, deep into the ground to monitor heat coming from the interior of the planet. The brightness of the ground affects temperature below ground, because a dark surface warms in sunshine more than a bright one does.

HiRISE is one of six instruments with which NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter has been studying Mars since 2006.

NASA's Mars Science Laboratory Project has been using the Curiosity rover to examine ancient Martian environments favorable for microbial life.

With three active NASA Mars orbiters and two Mars rovers, NASA seeks to characterize and understand Mars as a dynamic system, including its present and past environment, climate cycles, geology and biological potential. In parallel on its journey to Mars, NASA is developing the capabilities needed for human missions there.

The University of Arizona, Tucson, operates HiRISE, which was built by Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp. of Boulder, Colorado. JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, manages the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Project, the Mars Science Laboratory Project and the InSight Project for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington. Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Denver, built the orbiter and collaborates with JPL to operate it.

Links for additional info:

About HiRISE:

http://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu

About NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter:

http://mars.nasa.gov/mro

About Curiosity and NASA's Mars Science Laboratory Project:

http://mars.nasa.gov/msl

About InSight:

http://insight.jpl.nasa.gov


 

 



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Thursday, March 26, 2015

JPL News - Day in Review

 

DAY IN REVIEW
Astronomers Upgrade Their Cosmic Light Bulbs
Astronomers Upgrade Their Cosmic Light Bulbs
A new report identifies top-of-the-line tools for studying the fabric of space.

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NASA Asteroid Hunter Spacecraft Data Available to Public
NASA Asteroid Hunter Spacecraft Data Available to Public
Millions of images of celestial objects, including asteroids, observed by NASA's NEOWISE spacecraft now are available online to the public.

› Read the full story
Take a Spin With NASA Cutting-edge Mars Landing Technology
Take a Spin With NASA Cutting-edge Mars Landing Technology
Tune in to a live, interactive broadcast from JPL where a test vehicle for NASA's Low-Density Supersonic Decelerator project is being prepped for its next test flight in June.

› Read the full story

 



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Tuesday, March 24, 2015

JPL News - Day in Review

 

DAY IN REVIEW
Curiosity Rover Finds Biologically Useful Nitrogen on Mars
A team using the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument suite aboard NASA's Curiosity rover has made the first detection of nitrogen on the surface of Mars from release during heating of Martian sediments.

Read the full story
NASA's Opportunity Mars Rover Passes Marathon Distance
NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity completed its first Mars marathon Tuesday -- 26.219 miles (42.195 kilometers) - with a finish time of roughly 11 years and two months.

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Monday, March 23, 2015

JPL News - Day in Review

 

DAY IN REVIEW
Kepler Wins National Air and Space Museum Trophy
The team in charge of NASA's Kepler mission will receive the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum's highest group honor at a ceremony in Washington on March 25.

Read the full story
NASA Reformats Memory of Longest-Running Mars Rover
Operators of NASA's Opportunity Mars rover have reformatted the rover's onboard flash memory so the team can resume storing data overnight on the rover.

Read the full story
NASA Satellites Catch a 'Growth Spurt' from a Newborn Protostar
A sudden eruption around an exceptionally young star surprises astronomers.

Read the full story

 



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Saturday, March 21, 2015

A Thousand Romantic Moments Every Day

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Thursday, March 19, 2015

JPL News - Day in Review

 

DAY IN REVIEW
Space Radar Helps Track Underground Water Pollution Risk

Fast Facts:

› Groundwater pollution is a worldwide threat to water availability.

› A new technique uses satellite observations of land use changes to assess a region's risk of groundwater pollution.

The next time you're digging for buried treasure, stop when you hit water. That underground resource is more valuable than all legendary hoards combined. Ninety percent of Earth's available fresh water is beneath the surface at any particular time. We drink it, we grow our food with it, and we power industries with it.

We also pollute it. When pollutants get into groundwater, they can stay there for decades. Cleanup efforts are difficult, expensive and not always successful. It would be better to protect groundwater from contamination in the first place, but risks to groundwater are moving targets. Although unchanging factors such as porous soil or shallow aquifer depth play a role, the greatest risk comes from the source of the pollutants: people. And people are always moving. A growing city, in particular, usually means a growing threat to groundwater quality. To lock on to the moving target of groundwater risk, planners worldwide need up-to-date information on how people are changing the land surface.

Son Nghiem, a research scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, has devised a new technique to use satellite observations of changes in land use to assess the threat of groundwater pollution by a common group of polluting compounds called nitrates. "To test the method, we successfully conducted the Po Plain Experiment [POPLEX] in northern Italy," said POPLEX leader Marco Masetti, a professor at the University of Milan, Italy. Combining data from the experiment with satellite data and two other data sets on population and land use, they discovered that in this region, groundwater is more vulnerable in urban than in agricultural areas. The satellite data produced a more accurate map of groundwater risks than either of the other data sets.

Nghiem's new technique uses data from NASA's QuikScat scatterometer, a satellite managed by JPL. The method improves the "focus" of the QuikScat image from a pixel size of about 15 miles (25 kilometers) per side to 0.6 mile (1 kilometer) per side, capturing far more detail on how the landscape has changed. Nghiem explained his technique takes advantage of the fact that human-made structures bounce back more of the radar signal than does soil or vegetation. Since large buildings with steel frames are concentrated in cities, the strength of the return signals is a good measure of urbanization.

Lombardy, the region of Italy where the POPLEX experiment took place, "is both one of the most urbanized and one of the most agricultural regions in Italy," said Stefania Stevenazzi, a doctoral candidate at the University of Milan and lead author of a paper on the research, which appears in the March 19 Hydrogeology Journal. The city of Milan is in the north, and the southern part of the region is mainly farmland. Lombardy's farmers have usually been blamed for nitrate pollution in the region's aquifers because nitrates are used as fertilizers, but the compounds also have urban sources, including leaks from sewage systems.

The research team produced three groundwater vulnerability maps based on observed changes from 2000 to 2009. Each map used the same hydrological and geological data, but a different data set representing human factors: census results, a high-resolution aerial photographic survey and the QuikScat observations processed by Nghiem's method. Statistical techniques were applied to rank the vulnerability of every part of the plain. Water samples from about 200 wells were used to verify the results.

The three maps agreed that in Lombardy, urban sources of nitrate were more important than the rural in polluting groundwater. The QuikScat map, however, proved to match the water samples most accurately. For example, the map using census data indicated that several areas in greater Milan were not at much risk, whereas the satellite data caught the reality that these areas are highly vulnerable. That is because censuses place people at their home addresses, but most of the people in Milan's labor force are commuters who spend many waking -- and polluting -- hours at work.

Stevenazzi added, "Our analysis shows how much changes in land use were related to increasing or decreasing contamination in the 2000s. These results are also useful to evaluate how future land-use plans can be developed appropriately to safeguard groundwater quality and human health."

For more information on the Po Plain Experiment, see:

http://urban.jpl.nasa.gov/poplex/description.html

For more on QuikScat, please visit:

http://winds.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/quikscat

JPL is managed for NASA by the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.


 

 



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March Educator Workshop: Electric City on Mars

 

JPL EDUCATION / WORKSHOPS
Educator Workshop - Electric Circuits on Mars
Electric City on Mars

Date: Saturday, March 28, 10 a.m. to 12:45 p.m.

Target Audience: Formal and informal educators for grade 4 and up

Location: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, von Karman Auditorium

Overview: Lights! Battery! Action! Make a miniature building from recycled materials and then flip the switch to light it up. Learn how to translate lessons on electricity into real world scenarios and create engineering literacy among your students. This science lesson meets standards for electric circuitry for grade 4 and up and covers Common Core and Next Generation Science Standards.

Call the Educator Resource Center at (818) 393-5917 to reserve your spot.

This free workshop is offered through the NASA/JPL Educator Resource Center, which provides formal and informal educators with NASA resources and materials that support STEM learning. For more information, visit the Educator Resource Center page at: http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/education/index.cfm?page=115.

For a list of more upcoming educator workshops from NASA/JPL Education, visit: http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/education/index.cfm?page=387

 



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Wednesday, March 18, 2015

Upcoming Online Educator Workshops: Geology Meets Art | Our Solar System and the Periodic Table

 

JPL EDUCATION / ONLINE WORKSHOPS
Educator Workshop - Art and the Cosmic Connection

Art and the Cosmic Connection

Date: Tuesday, March 24, 2015, 4 p.m. to 5 p.m. PDT

Target Audience: Formal and informal educators for grades K-12

Location: Webinar - visit: https://connect.its.txstate.edu/jplnasaepd/

Overview: Geology meets art! Let your inner geologist use art to recreate craters, mountains, rivers, wind-driven landscapes and more. Learn to read planetary images as well as Earth images. This educator workshops meets Next Generation Science Standards for "Earth Systems: Earth's Place in the Universe" with climate change and social studies integration.

No registration required. Visit the webinar page at https://connect.its.txstate.edu/jplnasaepd/ on March 24 to attend.


Educator Workshop - Our Solar System and the Periodic Table of Elements

Our Solar System and the Periodic Table of Elements

Date: Wednesday, March 25, 2015, 4 p.m. to 5 p.m. PDT

Target Audience: Pre-service, in-service, home-school and informal educators for grades 3-8

Location: Webinar - visit: https://connect.its.txstate.edu/jplnasaepd/

Overview: This lesson is an engaging introduction to what the periodic table is and why it is important to us. It includes a game and a short writing prompt to check for understanding. It meets Next Generation Science Standards as well as Common Core Standards for writing.

You will need crayons or colored pencils and the following periodic table blank: http://www.cde.ca.gov/ta/tg/sr/documents/toe5.pdf

No registration required. Visit the webinar page at https://connect.its.txstate.edu/jplnasaepd/ on March 24 to attend.


These free webinars are offered through the NASA Educator Professional Development Collaborative, or EPDC, which provides formal and informal educators with NASA resources and materials that support STEM learning. For more information, visit the EPDC catalog of webinars page at: https://sites.google.com/site/aerospace4educators/

For a list of more upcoming educator workshops from NASA/JPL Education, visit: http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/education/index.cfm?page=387

 



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Monday, March 16, 2015

All the Answers to Your Pi Day Problems

 

JPL EDUCATION / TEACH
Teach - Activities - Pi in the Sky 2 Infographic and Math Challenge
All the Answers to Your Pi Day Problems

The answers to JPL Education's Pi Day math challenge are out! Did your students get the same answers as our NASA scientist and engineer experts? Download the illustrated answer key here (PDF, 8 MB) and find out.

In case you missed it:

In honor of the "Pi Day of the Century" (3/14/15), the Education Office at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory has crafted another stellar math challenge to show students of all ages how NASA scientists and engineers use the mathematical constant pi, or 3.1415 …

The 2015 problem set -- available as a web infographic and printable handouts -- features four real-world, NASA math problems for students in grades 4 through 11, including: calculating the dizzying number of times a Mars rover's wheels have rotated in 11 years; finding the number of images it will take the Dawn spacecraft to map the entire surface of the dwarf planet Ceres (the first dwarf planet to be explored); learning the potential volume of water on Jupiter's moon Europa; and discovering what fraction of a radio beam from our most distant spacecraft reaches Earth.

The word problems were crafted by NASA/JPL education specialists with the help of scientists and engineers, and give students insight into the real calculations space explorers use every day.

For more pi challenge educator resources, including downloads and an illustrated answer key, visit: http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/edu/piday2015

The JPL Education Office provides formal and informal educators, parents and students with NASA science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) content, including resources, classroom activities and internship opportunities. To learn more, visit the JPL Education homepage at: http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/education/

Get latest updates from the JPL Education Office by following us on Twitter @NASAJPL_Edu, Facebook at https://www.facebook.com/NASAJPLStudents, Instagram at http://www.instagram.com/NASAJPL_Edu and Vine at http://www.vine.co/NASAJPL_Edu

 



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